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International Ethical Guidelines

2024 Guidance for best practices for clinical trials
2024 WHO Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health: guidance on large multi-modal models, 18th Jan 2024
2023 WHO tool for benchmarking ethics oversight of health-related research involving human participants, 2023
2023 International ethical guidelines on good governance practice for research institutions - 2023
2022 COVID-19 and mandatory vaccination: ethical considerations: policy brief, 30 May 2022
2022 Emergency use of unproven clinical interventions outside clinical trials: ethical considerations, 12th April 2022
2021 Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS). Clinical research in resource-limited settings: A consensus by a CIOMS Working Group. Geneva, 17 June 2021
2021 WHO guidance on Ethics & Governance of Artificial Intelligence for Health, 28 June 2021
2021 WHO R&D Blueprint. COVID-19 WHO Ethics & COVID-19 Working Group Achievements. February 2020 – May 2021
2021 Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) - Indicators for Strengthening National Research Ethics Systems in International Guidelines
2021 Policy brief. COVID-19 and mandatory vaccination: Ethical considerations and caveats. World Health Organization, 13th April 2021.
2021 Ethical considerations in HIV prevention trials. UNAIDS and WHO Guidance Document.
2020 Ethical Standards for research during public health emergencies: Distilling existing guidance to support COVID-19 R&D, WHO March 2020 (Member of WHO Working Group Ethics and COVID-19).
2020 Emergency Use Designation of COVID-19 candidate vaccines: Ethical considerations for current and future COVID-19 placebo-controlled vaccine trials and trial unblinding, Policy brief 18 December 2020.
2020 Emergency Use of Unproven Interventions Outside of Research. Ethics Guidance for the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO)
2020 Rapid policy briefing: COVID-19 Antibody testing and ‘immunity certification’. Nuffield Council on Bioethics
2020 Rapid policy briefing: Fair and equitable access to COVID-19 treatments and vaccines. Nuffield Council on Bioethics
2020 Ethical considerations to guide the use of digital proximity tracking technologies for COVID-19 contact tracing. Interim Guidance. World Health Organisation (WHO)
2020 Key criteria for the ethical acceptability of COVID-19 human challenge studies. World Health Organisation (WHO)
2020 Template and operational guidance for the ethics review and oversight of COVID-19-related research. Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO)
2020 Guidance and strategies to streamline ethics review and oversight of COVID-19- related research. Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO)
2020 Rapid policy briefing: Ethical considerations in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nuffield Council on Bioethics
2020 Ethics guidance on issues raised by the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO)
2020 Ethics and COVID-19: resource allocation and priority-setting. World Health Organisation (WHO)
2020 Guidance for research ethics committees for rapid review of research during public health emergencies. World Health Organisation (WHO)
2020 Research in global health emergencies: ethical issues. Nuffield Council on Bioethics
2019 Ethics in Implementation Research Facilitator’s Guide
2019 Ethical Considerations for Health Policy and Systems Research
2018 Bioethics Briefing Note: Artificial Intelligence(AI) in Healthcare and Research
2018 Global Code of Conduct for Research in Resource-poor Settings
2017 San Code of Research Ethics
2017 Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects (‘Common Rule’). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
2016 International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research Involving Humans. Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS)/ World Health Organization (WHO)
2016 Good Clinical Practice Guidelines E6 (R2). The International Council for Harmonisation (ICH)
2015 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Illustrated Edition. United Nations
2015 Children and Clinical Research: Ethical Issues – Nuffield Bioethics. Nuffield Bioethics
2013 Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. Fortaleza. World Medical Association
2011 Standards and Operational Guidance for Ethics Review of Health Related Research with Human Participants World Health Organization
2001 Report and Recommendations of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission. Bethesda: The National Bioethics Advisory Commission
1979 The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioural Research
1947 Nuremberg Code